Keep in mind that the reactance of the ideal inductor has the same magnitude as its impedance. This phase shift found between the current and voltage in the inductive circuit, nevertheless, prevents them from being exact. Calculations are made using the formula below:
Where:
- L denotes the inductance, which is measured in henries,
- XL denotes the reactance of the inductor, measured in ohms,
- 2πf= ω denotes the angular frequency and measured in rad/s
- ZL denotes the impedance of the inductor in ohms,
- f denotes the frequency measured in hertz, and j denotes an imaginary unit.
Enter the frequency and inductance into the calculator, choose the measurement units, and its result would be displayed in ohm.
What Is an Inductor?
The inductor can be described as a passive two-terminal electrical component that primarily consists of a insulated wire twisted into a coil around its magnetic core and, alternatively, an air core. Chokes and coils are other names for inductors. To boost its magnetic field as well as subsequently the coil’s inductance, the magnetic core can be typically formed of ferromagnetic metal, such as ferromagnetic ceramic or iron.
Just like the capacitors, the inductors are useful in storing energy. Inductors, as opposed to capacitors, store their energy in magnetic fields that surrounds them. Inductors are employed in filters, which can be used to reduce ripple in the output of direct current or stop the transmission of radio frequency interference through cables.
In the tuned circuits present in radio receivers and transmitters as well as in transformers, inductors are frequently utilized.
Inductors vs capacitors
Inductors oppose rate of current change flowing via them as opposed to capacitors that support rate of voltage change across the plates. The inductors are able to easily transfer the DC current via them, in contrast to capacitors, which cannot.
The ability of inductors to resist the current is proportional to an inherent property known as inductance. This is denoted by L, which honors Emil Lenz, a Russian physicist and it is measured in H (henries), which is also named after Joseph Henry, the American scientist. Inductors can only resist changing current or AC.
Inductors vs Resistors
The inductors oppose variations in any current passing through them, as opposed to resistors, which merely oppose the current that passes through by producing a voltage that is precisely proportional to current. In direct proportion to the pace at which the current passing through changes, they produce a drop in voltage. Its induced voltage’s polarity has always been such that it’s attempting to keep a changing current in its current condition.
For instance, the voltage has a tendency to fight a rise in current and maintain a lower current whenever there is an increasing current, and the opposite is true when this current is dropping. A higher back voltage is always produced by current changes that occur more quickly.
This voltage can be referred to as “back emf” due to its characteristic. Reactance is a term used to separate this characteristic of coils against resistance. When a coil gets sinusoidal voltage, higher frequencies result in faster change rates, making the coil more resistive to current and increasing its reactance, according to the graph.
Given an inductance, the graphical representation of the reactance XL of an ideal inductor and the flowing of current through it against frequency reveals that the reactance is directly proportional to frequency and the current is inversely proportionate.
Measuring the Impedance
The first involves the resistance, denoted by R, which slows down the current due to the form and material’s poor electrical conductivity. The opposing magnetic and electric fields cause the reactance, which was previously explained, to delay the current.
The impedance, denoted as Z has two components: one is the real and imaginary parts, with its measurement done in ohms.
The only thing limiting the continuous DC current that flows through the real inductor when it is linked to the DC source is the inductor’s low resistance wire. The power source’s internal resistance as well as the inductor’s internal resistance dictate the amount of current that will flow via the coil as well as when the inductor is attached to the constant DC voltage source.
The inductor coil’s self-induced electromotive force prevents the current from rising quickly and “fights” the voltage level until current reaches its maximum level.
The current that flows via the inductor will gradually decrease to zero if the source of DC current is unplugged, and the inductor’s back emf will once more “battle” against the change in current and work to maintain the current. The current will eventually gradually decrease to zero.
What happens in Purely Inductive Circuits?
Current and voltage are 90° apart in a circuit that only uses inductive components.
- the current stands at a negative maximum; the change rate is zero, while the voltage is also zero;
- the current stands at zero, its change rate is maximum, while the voltage stands at the positive maximum;
- the current stands at the positive maximum, its change rate is zero, while the voltage stands at zero
- the current stands at zero, its change rate is maximum, while the voltage stands at the negative maximum;
The current would lag behind voltage by a certain phase angle if the alternating sin voltage is placed along a coil. Its phase angle would be 90 degrees or one-fourth of a specific cycle for the pure inductor. positive maximum voltages are present across the inductors at the time axis position, when the current stands at zero. A magnetic field gradually develops around the coil as well as the current as time goes on. The emf is generated by the magnetic field and opposes the current.
What is Electromotive Force (EMF)?
Since this current stands at zero at this location and the variation in the current has reached its highest, this emf, representing the reaction to the fluctuation of the current passing through it, is at the maximum. The sine current change’s rate is zero whenever the current reaches its maximum (negative or positive), and back emf also stands at zero during these times. The wave of voltage is thus 90° out of the phase with current wave. This means that either the voltage comes first or current comes last.
Think of the following analogy: Sunlight is at its strongest at astronomical noon, but the hottest time that day is typically several hours later.
The months that are coldest have not yet come; depending on where you reside, they could be January or February. Alternatively, winter solstice inside the North Hemisphere (shortest day) occurs at the December ending. This “phase shift” or “seasonal lag” is brought on by the massive oceans of the Earth’s absorbing the Sun’s radiation. They then gradually release it, just like inductances do.
What Is Calculated Impedance?
The resistance of an inductor to a signal traveling through it at a certain frequency is measured by the impedance that has been calculated. The AC voltage’s changing frequency applied causes a change in inductive reactance. The XL reactance of the inductor is great at higher frequency and tiny at low frequencies, as shown by the graph and formula (capacitors act in an opposite way).
Its inductive reactance increases significantly or completely opposes the current at high frequencies. High-frequency currents are stopped by an inductor. On the contrary, an inductor transmits very effectively at really low DC voltage or frequencies, which is why the rule we learnt in high school is that inductors block the AC and then pass the DC. Inductors pass the signals extremely well whenever there is very low frequency. Inductors are used in crossovers to keep high frequencies away from reaching the subwoofer drivers.
Like resistance, the impedance can be expressed in ohms. Similar to resistance, impedance displays how resistant an inductor is to the electric current flow. How does impedance vary from simple resistance, though? The distinction is that the impedance now depends on the frequency of the signal. Whereas inductors’ impedance is depending on frequency, resistance is frequency-independent. At rising frequency, inductors’ impedance lowers.
The optimal inductors are the focus of this calculator. Real inductors have resistance connected in series pattern with its inductance at all times. To get the impedance of actual inductors, use the inductor impedance calculator.
Conclusion
We hope you now know how to use the inductor impedance calculator. To use the inductor impedance calculator, just enter the frequency and inductance into the calculator, choose the measurement units, and its result would be displayed in ohm. The inductor can be described as a passive two-terminal electrical component that primarily consists of a insulated wire twisted into a coil around its magnetic core and, alternatively, an air core. Also, The impedance, denoted as Z has two components: one is the real and imaginary parts, with its measurement done in ohms. In addition, the resistance of an inductor to a signal traveling through it at a certain frequency is measured by the impedance that has been calculated.
